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| History of the Islamic State |
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999–2004) Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006) Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah (2004–2006) Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (2004–2006) Mujahideen Shura Council (2006) Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2013) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013–2014) Islamic State (2014–present) |
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Beginning in 2014, a number of people from various countries were beheaded by the Islamic State (IS), a radical Sunni Jihadist group operating in Iraq and Syria as well as elsewhere. In January 2014, a copy of an IS penal code surfaced describing the penalties it enforces in areas under its control, including multiple beheadings.[1] Beheading videos have been frequently posted by IS members to social media.[2][3] Several of the recorded beheadings were conducted by Mohammed Emwazi, whom the media referred to as "Jihadi John" ("John" because of his English accent) before his identification. The beheadings received wide coverage around the world and attracted international condemnation. Political scientist Max Abrahms posited that IS may be using well-publicized beheadings as a means of differentiating itself from Al-Qaeda in Iraq, and identifying itself with Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the al-Qaeda member who beheaded Daniel Pearl.[4] The publicised beheadings represent a small proportion of a larger number of total people killed following capture by IS.[5]
- ^ Saul, Heather (January 22, 2015). "Isis publishes penal code listing amputation, crucifixion and stoning as punishments - and vows to vigilantly enforce it". The Independent. London.
- ^ "Staffer, Crisis, and Jake Hume. "Balance of Powers: Syria." (2014)" (PDF). Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ "Celso, Anthony N. "Jihadist Organizational Failure and Regeneration: the Transcendental Role of Takfiri Violence."" (PDF). Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ Taylor, Adam (August 21, 2014). "From Daniel Pearl to James Foley: The modern tactic of Islamist beheadings". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ Cumming-Bruce, Nick (October 2, 2014). "5,500 Iraqis Killed Since Islamic State Began Its Military Drive, U.N. Says". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
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